Urinary excretion ofin vivo13C-labelled milk oligosaccharides in breastfed infants

Direct Evidence for the Presence of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in the Circulation of Breastfed Infants

BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) confer systemic health benefits to breastfed infants; however, plausible mechanisms for some effects, such as systemic immunomodulation, require HMOs to access the bloodstream of the developing infant. While small concentrations of HMOs have been detected in the urine of breastfed infants there are no published studies ...

Milk oligosaccharides and metabolism in infants.

Since the discovery of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) >60 y ago, research has faced major challenges including (i) the development of methods to identify and characterize these components, (ii) the need to use HMO fractions for functional studies because single HMO were not available, (iii) the uncertainty of the purity of HMO fractions that were often "contaminated" by remainders of lactose...

Immunological Factors in Breastfed Infants Allergic to Cow's Milk

Do infants fed from bottles lack self-regulation of milk intake compared with directly breastfed infants?

OBJECTIVE How breastfeeding reduces the risk of childhood obesity is unclear, and 1 hypothesis pertains to the ability of breastfed infants to self-regulate. We studied whether infants' self-regulation of milk intake is affected by feeding mode (bottle versus breast) and the type of milk in the bottle (formula versus expressed breast milk). PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants in the 2005-2007 I...

Urinary fluoride excretion in children drinking fluoridated school milk.

OBJECTIVE To determine fluoride excretion under various conditions of fluoride intake and to estimate the fractional urinary excretion of fluoride in individual children participating in a school milk fluoridation scheme. DESIGN In the first part of the study, individual urine samples were collected from each of eight 4 to 5-year-old children for a continuous period of 55 h. For each child (n...